Natural Shelters
Caves
Caves have long been used as natural shelters by both animals and humans for thousands of years. When seeking refuge in a cave, you can take advantage of the natural protection they provide from the elements. The temperature inside a cave tends to be relatively stable, which means it can keep you cool in hot weather and warm in cold weather. However, be cautious when choosing a cave as a shelter, as some caves may be inhabited by animals or have unstable structures. Always ensure the cave is safe before taking refuge inside.Rock Overhangs
Rock overhangs are another fantastic choice for a natural shelter. These formations offer protection from rain, wind, and sun, making them an ideal option for staying dry and protected in various weather conditions. Many rock overhangs also provide a platform that can be used for sleeping or storing belongings. However, be cautious of any loose rocks that may pose a danger if dislodged. It’s essential to carefully inspect the stability of the overhang before using it as a shelter.Thick Brush
Thick brush, such as dense vegetation or shrubbery, can serve as a natural shelter by providing coverage and camouflage. By carefully positioning yourself within the thick brush, you can create a hidden shelter that is unlikely to be detected by others. Additionally, dense vegetation can offer protection from wind, rain, and sun, making it an effective choice for temporary shelter. However, it’s crucial to consider any potential dangers, such as poisonous plants or wildlife, before settling in a thick brush.Burrows
Burrows are natural shelters found in the ground, often created by animals such as rabbits or badgers. These underground tunnels provide excellent protection from the elements, as the soil acts as a natural insulator. However, bear in mind that burrows may already be inhabited by animals, so it’s best to find and create your own burrow if you decide to use this type of shelter. When constructing a burrow, ensure the entrance is concealed to reduce the chances of detection by predators or other humans.Improvised Shelters
Debris Hut
A debris hut is a simple and effective shelter constructed using natural materials found in the surrounding environment. To build a debris hut, start by creating a frame using sturdy branches or logs. Once the frame is in place, cover it with a layer of leaves, moss, or any other available debris to create a waterproof barrier. This type of shelter is a great option when you have limited resources as it utilizes materials readily available in the wilderness.Lean-to
A lean-to shelter is one of the easiest improvised shelters to construct. To build a lean-to, find a sturdy tree or a vertical support, then lean branches against it at an angle to create a sloping roof. Cover the frame with leaves, branches, or any other available materials to provide protection from the elements. The open side of the lean-to can face away from prevailing wind to minimize exposure to wind and rain. This type of shelter is quick to set up and provides effective protection against rain and sun.Poncho Shelter
A poncho shelter is a versatile option for creating a quick and easy shelter using just a poncho or a tarp. To construct a poncho shelter, tie the corners of the poncho to trees or vertical supports to create a roofed structure. Secure the sides of the poncho to the ground using stakes or rocks to provide stability. Poncho shelters are lightweight and compact, making them an excellent choice for emergency situations or when you need to move quickly.Tarp Shelter
Similar to a poncho shelter, a tarp shelter utilizes a tarp instead of a poncho. Tarps are larger and offer more coverage, allowing you to create various shelter designs. With the help of ropes, stakes, or trees, you can construct different types of shelters such as A-frame tents, lean-tos, or even larger multi-person shelters. Tarps are often included in survival kits due to their versatility and effectiveness as emergency shelters.
Tent Shelters
A-frame Tent
The A-frame tent is a classic shelter design that has been favored by campers and survivalists for years. This type of tent is named after its distinctive shape, resembling the letter “A” when set up. A-frame tents are typically lightweight, easy to set up, and provide sufficient space for one or two people. Their sloping sides help shed rainwater effectively, ensuring you stay dry even during heavy downpours. A-frame tents are a reliable and practical option for individuals or small groups venturing into the great outdoors.Dome Tent
Dome tents are another popular choice for camping and survival purposes. These tents feature a rounded, dome-like shape when set up, providing enough headroom for comfortable movement inside. Dome tents are highly stable and can withstand high winds and inclement weather conditions. They are typically easy to assemble and offer ample space for multiple occupants. Dome tents are a reliable and comfortable option for prolonged stays in the wilderness.
Ridge Tent
Ridge tents, also known as wall tents or wedge tents, are characterized by their steeply sloping roofs and straight sidewalls. The design maximizes the usable space within the tent, making it an excellent choice for longer stays or larger groups. Ridge tents often have a central ridge pole extending from end to end, providing structural stability. With their spacious interiors and sturdy construction, ridge tents offer a comfortable and reliable shelter option.Geodesic Tent
Geodesic tents are known for their unique and intricate pole structure, which forms a series of triangles. This design offers exceptional stability and strength, allowing geodesic tents to withstand harsh weather conditions such as strong winds and heavy snow loads. Geodesic tents are often favored by mountaineers and adventurers who face extreme environments. Despite their complex pole system, many geodesic tents are designed for easy assembly, making them a practical choice for those seeking durability and reliability in their shelter.Snow Shelters
Snow Cave
In snowy and cold environments, a snow cave can be a life-saving shelter option. Snow caves are created by digging into a snow bank or mound and carving out a hollow space. The walls of the snow cave provide excellent insulation, trapping warm air inside and keeping the cold air out. Proper construction is crucial to ensure stability and prevent collapse. A snow cave can offer protection from the biting cold and wind, making it an effective shelter in winter wilderness survival situations.Quinzhee
A quinzhee is a type of snow shelter that is similar to a snow cave but is built differently. To construct a quinzhee, begin by piling up a large mound of snow and letting it settle for some time. Once the snow has settled, hollow out the mound, leaving walls of compacted snow. The compacted snow acts as insulation, providing warmth and protection. Quinzhees are relatively easy and quick to build, making them a viable option when pressed for time or resources.
Snow Trench
A snow trench is a simple yet effective snow shelter that can be constructed when other options are limited. To build a snow trench, dig a trench in the snow that is deep enough to allow you to sit or lay down comfortably. The trench should be dug below the surface level to take advantage of the insulating properties of the snow. By covering the top of the trench with a snow block or tarp, you create a roof that protects you from wind and snow. Snow trenches are a valuable option in emergency situations or when other snow shelters are not feasible.Emergency Blanket Shelters
Bivouac Sack
A bivouac sack, also known as a bivy sack, is a compact and lightweight shelter designed for emergency situations. Made from waterproof and breathable materials, a bivouac sack is essentially a sleeping bag cover that provides insulation and protection from the elements. It can be used as a standalone shelter or as an additional layer of protection inside a tent or under a tarp. Bivouac sacks are often included in emergency kits due to their effectiveness in providing warmth and shelter in unexpected situations.Tarp Tent
A tarp tent is a shelter created by suspending a tarp between two or more anchor points. This makeshift structure provides coverage and protection similar to that of a traditional tent. Tarp tents are versatile and can be configured in various ways to suit different environments and weather conditions. They are lightweight, easy to pack, and quick to set up, making them a valuable option in emergency situations or when you need an improvised shelter on short notice.Tree-Based Shelters
Tree Pit Shelter
A tree pit shelter is a type of shelter constructed within a depression or pit at the base of a tree. By digging down into the ground, you create a concealed area that offers protection from wind, rain, and snow. The surrounding soil and tree trunk provide natural insulation, helping to maintain a comfortable temperature inside the shelter. Tree pit shelters are especially useful in forested areas, providing both camouflage and a secure place to rest and take shelter.Tree Platform
A tree platform is a raised platform constructed in the branches of a sturdy tree. By using ropes, cables, or even natural materials, you can create a stable structure that allows you to sleep or rest elevated above the ground. Tree platforms offer protection from ground-dwelling animals and provide an excellent vantage point for observing your surroundings. They can be more time-consuming to construct but offer a unique shelter option for those comfortable with heights and seeking a bird’s eye view.Tree Bridge
A tree bridge is a rope or wooden bridge constructed between two trees at an elevated position. Tree bridges provide a means of movement and access between trees, making them useful in connecting multiple tree-based shelters or platforms. Bridges can be as simple as a single rope or as complex as a sturdy wooden walkway, depending on your needs and available resources. Tree bridges offer an exciting and practical way to navigate and utilize an arboreal environment for shelter.Vehicle Shelters
Car Shelter
A car can serve as an excellent temporary shelter in emergency situations or when stranded in remote areas. Whether you’re caught in a storm or need protection from wildlife, your car provides a safe space. Ensure your vehicle is well-maintained and adequately stocked with supplies, such as extra blankets, food, and water, in case you need to seek shelter for an extended period. In extreme conditions, it’s essential to keep the windows cracked for ventilation while conserving fuel.Camper Van
A camper van is a purpose-built vehicle that provides both transportation and living space, making it an optimal choice for extended outdoor adventures. These vehicles often include sleeping quarters, a small kitchenette, and necessary amenities for self-sufficiency. Camper vans offer protection from the elements while providing a comfortable and secure place to stay. They are particularly popular among outdoor enthusiasts who want the convenience of a home on wheels while exploring remote locations.RV
Recreational vehicles, commonly known as RVs, are spacious and fully equipped motorhomes designed for long-term travel and living. These vehicles typically offer sleeping accommodations, a kitchen, a bathroom, and other amenities found in a traditional home. RVs provide the ultimate in comfort and convenience when it comes to outdoor shelter options. They are suitable for extended stays in campsites or boondocking in remote areas, offering the comforts of home while allowing you to experience the great outdoors.Water-Based Shelters
Boat Shelter
If you find yourself near a body of water, a boat can serve as an effective shelter option. Whether it’s a kayak, canoe, or larger vessel, boats offer protection from the elements while providing mobility and access to resources. Ensure your boat is durable, well-maintained, and equipped with necessary safety gear. By anchoring in a secluded area or finding a suitable spot ashore, you can create a temporary base of operations and find solace in the shelter of your boat.Floating Raft
In emergency situations or when resources are limited, a floating raft can provide a basic water-based shelter. By lashing together logs, buoyant materials, or even available debris, you can create a stable platform capable of keeping you afloat. However, caution must be exercised as floating rafts may not offer the same level of protection from the elements as other shelter options. Floating rafts should be utilized as a last resort or for short-term survival until rescue or more suitable options become available.Dock Shelter
Docks or piers located near bodies of water can serve as makeshift shelters in certain situations. By finding cover under a dock, you can take advantage of the shelter it provides from rain, wind, and sun. Docks often have overhead coverage, such as roofs or platforms, which can offer additional protection and even a place to rest or sleep. However, docks may not be ideal for long-term stays or adverse weather conditions. Always assess the stability and safety of a dock before using it as a shelter.Subterranean Shelters
Underground Bunker
Underground bunkers are designed to provide protection during extreme events such as natural disasters, nuclear incidents, or civil unrest. These shelters are constructed below ground level and are often heavily reinforced to withstand significant pressure and impact. They provide a secure and self-contained space for individuals or groups to seek refuge for extended periods. Underground bunkers require advanced planning, construction, and maintenance, making them a less accessible option for the average person.
Storm Cellar
Storm cellars, also known as tornado shelters or storm shelters, are specifically designed to protect individuals from severe weather events such as tornadoes or hurricanes. These shelters are typically built below ground, providing a secure space to seek safety during storms. Storm cellars can be small, designed for a few individuals, or larger and capable of accommodating larger groups. They are reinforced to withstand high winds and flying debris, offering the necessary protection during intense storms.Can Solar Cooking be Used in Survival Shelters?
Solar cooking tips for preppers can indeed be used in survival shelters. With the right equipment, such as a solar oven or reflector, preppers can harness the power of the sun to cook food efficiently and sustainably. Solar cooking is a viable option for survival situations as it eliminates the need for traditional fuel sources, making it environmentally friendly and cost-effective.
Urban Survival Shelters
Basement Shelter
In urban areas, basements can offer a secure and accessible shelter option during emergencies or extreme events. Basements provide protection from severe weather, such as tornadoes or hurricanes, and often have reinforced construction to withstand external pressures. They are often equipped with food, water, and other essential supplies, making them an ideal option for taking refuge during disasters. Familiarize yourself with the layout and safety features of your basement to utilize it effectively as a shelter.Garage Shelter
Garages can serve as a quick and accessible shelter option in urban environments. While they may not be as secure as basements, they offer protection from the elements and can be reinforced to withstand severe weather conditions. If your garage is attached to your house, it provides quick and easy access during emergencies. However, be cautious of any chemical or flammable substances stored in the garage that may pose a safety risk. Use your garage as a temporary shelter when alternatives are not available.Underground Parking Lots
Underground parking lots in urban areas can provide shelter during emergencies or when seeking protection from severe weather conditions. These structures are typically reinforced and secure, offering a safe space for temporary refuge. Underground parking lots may also have emergency supplies, such as first aid kits or emergency communication systems, making them convenient options during crises. However, be aware of any specific rules or regulations enforced by the parking lot management when utilizing them as a shelter. In conclusion, there are various types of survival shelters to consider depending on the environment, resources available, and the duration of your stay. Natural shelters such as caves, rock overhangs, and thick brush provide protection using the existing landscape. Improvised shelters like debris huts, lean-tos, and poncho shelters can be constructed using readily available materials. Tent shelters, snow shelters, tree-based shelters, and vehicle shelters offer more structured and specialized options. Emergency blanket shelters are compact and portable, while subterranean shelters and urban survival shelters cater to specific circumstances. Understanding and being prepared with knowledge about these different types of shelters can greatly enhance your ability to survive and thrive in various situations.
I’m Alex, the author behind True Survivalist. As a survival enthusiast myself, I’ve created this website to serve as a valuable resource for fellow survivalists and preppers. Whether it’s understanding survival situations, emergency preparedness, or finding the right survival gear, I’ve got you covered. Through a series of informative guides, I aim to provide answers to commonly asked questions, debunk common myths, and help you avoid common mistakes. At True Survivalist, I believe in equipping you with the knowledge and tools you need to be prepared for any survival scenario. Join me on this journey of self-reliance and resilience.